Phosphorus: is required in ATP synthesis. The ATP molecule is the main carrier and storage unit of a plant’s energy. It acts as a “battery,” storing and releasing energy as needed. ATP provides energy needed by the plant to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates during photosynthesis.

Calcium: is found in nearly every plant cell and contributes to cellular structure. Without calcium, cell walls collapse and become leaky. Calcium also aids mineral transport, by moving nutrients from the root zone through the xylem. The flowering cycle of a plant comes with increased nutrient demands, making additional calcium necessary for flower growth.

Potassium: promotes the conversion of nitrogen and glucose into amino acids and protein. Potassium plays a large role in the enzyme activation necessary for protein synthesis, as well as enzymes used in photosynthesis and ATP synthesis. Potassium is crucial for water balance in plants.